Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease that is caused by a deficiency of the produced insulin or its insufficient activity.
The following types of diabetes mellitus are distinguished:
type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent)type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)
Diabetes Mellitus: Symptoms
Sugar diabetes often does not occur immediately. The disease is in a "dormant" state in the human body, without impersonating itself. Often it is found during a routine examination by a general analysis of blood and urine. There are frequent cases when diabetes is determined, for example, by an optometrist or a dentist, when examining the fundus or mouth.
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| secondary diabetes |
The symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different. However, there are a number of symptoms characteristic of both types of diabetes:
- intense indomitable thirst
- frequent urination
- uncontrolled feeling of hunger or hunger syonnym
- rapid weight loss
- sharp visual impairment
- fatigue and general weakness
- numbness and tingling of the lower and upper limbs
- long healing skin lesions
- genital itching and itching of the skin
The severity of symptoms depends on the duration of the disease, its severity and the individual characteristics of the patient’s immune system. In some patients, all symptoms can be clearly expressed, in others they are barely noticeable or completely absent.
Diabetes mellitus: complications
Sugar diabetes must be constantly monitored and compensated. With poor compensation for the disease, as a result of frequent and sharp fluctuations in blood glucose levels, there is a high risk of developing complications, which, depending on the time of manifestation, are divided into late and early.
Early complications include conditions that can develop within a few days or even hours. These include: hyperosmolar coma, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, etc. Late complications are considered very serious, they develop gradually, imperceptibly and, unfortunately, are irreversible. This group includes: diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macro- and microangiopathy, diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy, specific skin lesions and some others.
Prevention (treatment) of type 1 diabetes
Insulin-dependent diabetes is a chronic disease and cannot be completely cured. Therefore, the treatment of the disease is mainly aimed at compensating it and preventing the development of complications.
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| Diabetes Treatment |
Treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus includes the following methods:
- daily, lifelong administration of insulin
- diet therapy, implying a limited intake of sick sugar into the body
- regular moderate physical activity
- constant self-monitoring of urine and blood glucose levels
Severe type 1 diabetes mellitus requires constant medical supervision and immediate treatment for complications.
Insulin-dependent diabetes is a disease of a young age, often affects children. The development of the disease is caused by a genetic predisposition and exposure to the child's body of adverse factors (acute viral infection, psychological or physical stress, poor nutrition).
Accordingly, the prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes includes the following methods:
- prevention and timely treatment of viral diseases
- breastfeeding of children up to 1-1.5 years old
- hardening, moderate, age-appropriate, physical activity
- education of resistance to stress
- natural balanced nutrition
Prevention (treatment) of type 2 diabetes
The following methods are the basis for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes:
- diet therapy, excluding the consumption of fast-digesting carbohydrates
- regular moderate physical activity
- weight loss (if necessary)
- quitting smoking and drinking
- administration of insulin (if necessary)
- taking sugar-lowering oral medications
- early diagnosis and treatment of complications
- constant self-monitoring of blood sugar and urine
An effective treatment for type 2 diabetes is not possible without dieting, which is why diet therapy is the main treatment for this disease.
It is believed that diabetes cannot be prevented. However, there are a number of recommendations, following which, you can reduce the risk of developing the disease.
The root causes of type 2 diabetes include obesity and a genetic predisposition. Therefore, the prevention of the disease is based on proper nutrition and physical activity. In addition, it is necessary to prevent sudden jumps in blood pressure, to avoid stress, and also to properly and timely treat any emerging diseases.
Diabetes Prevention
Each year, about 7 million people begin to suffer from type 2 diabetes. More than a million amputations are performed annually by patients with diabetes, since in this disease, primarily, the vessels - legs, heart, eyes, kidneys - are affected. About seven hundred thousand “diabetics" become blind every year. Another five hundred thousand are losing their kidneys and are faced with the need to switch to hemodialysis. Four million people with diabetes leave this world every year. Just as many die each year from AIDS and hepatitis.
In our difficult time, not a single adult normal (adequate) person can afford to be seriously and incurably ill due to ignorance or carelessness in relation to his health. This immediately means the loss of good work, difficulty in the family, etc. etc. Therefore, we suggest you talk about the prevention of type 2 diabetes, which is also called insulin-independent, or adult diabetes. About 95 percent of all “diabetics” suffer from the second type. This is a serious illness that cannot be healed, although each of us can reduce the possibility of its occurrence. In addition, all methods of diabetes prevention are also suitable for improving your health with diabetes that has already begun.
The main causes of this disease must, first of all, be age: after 40 years, the risk increases significantly. The second factor is increased weight (20 percent or more above the norm) and the ratio of the size of the waist to the hips - a coefficient of 0.95 or higher increases the likelihood of illness. The next reason is heredity (genetic predisposition). High blood pressure is also often combined with this ailment. Inadequate physical activity (lack of exercise) is another factor contributing to the development of diabetes.
Following everyday logic, we will analyze methods for the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
The first place deserves a healthy diet (diet).
Indeed, some of the reasons we have listed are directly related to the consumption of a significant amount of animal fats and easily digestible carbohydrates. Therefore, the nutrition of a patient or a person at risk of increased body weight should be aimed at reducing carbohydrate intake, so as not to overload the pancreas, and to limit calorie intake, so as not to gain weight. This refers to a significant limitation (sometimes a complete withdrawal) of easily digestible carbohydrates (sugar, goodies) from the diet, when overweight - reducing calories, special fractional nutrition - 5-6 times a day.
It is necessary to increase the proportion of vegetables and fruits in the diet, excluding raisins, grapes, bananas and potatoes, since they contain a large amount of glucose, which is strictly not recommended. The most useful dishes are cabbage, beets, carrots, eggplant, tomatoes, radishes, cucumbers, zucchini, rutabaga, bell peppers, green beans, apples, citruses and berries, since they contain cellulose and fiber, which are needed for slower glucose uptake. You can add bran to soups and cereals during cooking. Drinks can be fermented milk products, fruit drinks, compotes and decoctions of herbs.
In addition, it is necessary to change 50-70% of animal fats to vegetable oils. Therefore, when developing your new diet, consider the presence of lean meat, fish and seafood in boiled, stewed and baked form. Fatty meat, poultry, butter and fried foods are generally better off the menu. It is also necessary to limit pasta, bread, cereals, spicy, spicy and smoked dishes. Alcoholic beverages have to be excluded completely, since even a small infusion of alcohol into the body reduces the flow of glucose from the liver.
Everyday physical activity is the second way of prevention.
Be sure to find half an hour a day for physical education (aerobics, fitness - underline what you need). If it’s difficult to immediately 30 minutes - give your health 3 times a day for 10 minutes. It can be a walk in the park with friends, relatives, or on your own, with a player. Go to the pool, dance, play tennis, ride a bike. If you can afford it, then go to the fitness club, where you will find a personal training program. The main thing is that physical activity brings you pleasure. Therefore, do not experiment with intense loads, especially if you are already over 40 years old.
Daily use every opportunity to move:
- walk up and down stairs - forget about the elevator
- walk to the store, laundry, cafe
- On the way to work, choose the bus stop that is farther from home
- if you have a car, park it away from your destination and take a walk
- in the country, not only relax in a hammock, but also plant something useful for your diet
- Take time for your children and play active games with them
- visit markets, trade shows, beaches and parks
The third method of prevention will be considered maintaining peace of mind.
When the life of an adult constantly throws up stressful situations, it is difficult to maintain a normal emotional state. Here only you yourself can help yourself: have less contact with negative people and keep calm. Here we also take the advice: “Stop smoking!”. With a cigarette, you still really can’t calm down, and the nicotine entering the body will contribute to the progress of diabetes and its complications.
Control your pressure.
The scientifically established fact that high blood pressure can lead to a violation of carbohydrate metabolism in the body. Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are very closely related to each other, so the better an adult will monitor his pressure, the more reliable he will save his blood vessels. It should be noted that almost any disease can lead to metabolic disorders in the body, including carbohydrate metabolism. Actually, therefore, it is necessary to treat all diseases on time and correctly. This will be the best prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Detailed Article : Symptoms of Diabetes
Article By Vigoheal
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